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ୋɞሙcЫ̣ʡჿΤο

ءࠪୌ໮ÿဏႧܳࠪ€ɚ

ኪ୦ͦᅺ ኪശႧ
කӉԐ
̼Յ઺ҿ
dz Ǵ ءࠪୌ໮€ɚ
1. ኪึ͉ሙٙءࠪୌ໮˜DZe e ™dאဏႧܳࠪ˜enge 㼷䴷䧍䃦䂮䊸䗙䥻䓃㶕㿅
DZ Ǯ ళᨳᛉ෢ඪྴዕᙷᆿઑು
Dz Ǯ Ǫ Ǧ ǣ ǟ ǜ Ǚ Ǖ Ǒ
ying ÿ -ingewan ÿ -uan™f ɓ Ǵ ǯ ǰ ǫ Ǭ ǧ Ǩ Ǥ ǥ Ǡ ǡ ǝ Ǟ ǚ Ǜ ǖ Ǘ ǒ Ǔ
ǵ DZ ǭ ǩ Ǣ ǘ ǔ
ǵ ǩ Ǵ Ǯ Ǵ Ǧ ɓ Ǯ dz Ǧ ǵ Ǯ Ǵ ǰ Ǵ ǧ ɓ ǰ ɓ ǩ ǵ ǯ Ǵ ǯ Ǵ Ǫ ɓ ǯ ɓ Ǭ ǵ DZ Ǵ DZ Ǵ ǫ ɓ DZ ɓ ǭ
2. Ҫ͉ሙอኪٙءࠪୌ໮eဏႧܳࠪၾཀ̘ኪཀٙᑊୌאᗲ
ୌഐΥdᇖ୦ܳᛘf DZ dz Ǵ
Ǯ
DZ
3. ̋੶ഐΥᗲୌٙᇖ୦f
DZ
઺ኪݴ೻ dz
DZ
1. ੽͉ሙ˜֑eຬ™Շࡈοٙᛘࠪdኪ୦ءࠪୌ໮˜DZe Ǵ
Ǯ
dz e Ǵ ™dאဏႧܳࠪ˜engeyingÿ-ingewanÿ-uan™f
DZ Ǯ
2. ˏৎႩᗆୌ໮ٙਗዚ

€DZÿ€eng
ኪശႧ
කӉԐ
n ϼࢪɪሙࣛd΋͜ਗЪᑷႧԸˏৎኪ୦ጳሳdԨˏኬ ̼Յ઺ҿ
ဏႧܳࠪ€ɚ
ʃ؃ʾኪ୦€DZÿ€engf ళᨳᛉ෢មᠰຼྴᆿઑು
㼷䴷䧍䃦䪜䬴䇀䊸䓃㶕㿅
er an ai a z zh j g d b
yi/y-/-i en ei o c ch q k t p
o ϼࢪj ʃ؃ʾdҢࡁɓৎԸଚᑷႧdଚଚ޶ϼࢪˢٙ wu/w-/-u ang eng ao ou e e s sh r x h n l m f
yu/y-/-ü
yue/-ue wan/-uan wa/-ua yan/-ian ya/-ia yuan/-uan wang/-uang
wo/-uo yang/-iang ye/-ie yun/-un wen/-un wai/-uai yin/-in
ʡჿk yao/-iao yong/-iong weng/-ong wei/-ui ying/-ing you/-iu
eng ying/-ing wan/-uan
ʃ؃ʾjཥዱf
ϼࢪj༧ϼࢪɓৎႭjཥዱٙ€DZÿ€engf eng
ϼࢪjʃ؃ʾձϼࢪɓৎ೥ɓࡈཥዱf
ying/-ing
ϼࢪjҢࡁί೥ʡჿk
ʃ؃ʾjҢࡁ೥˜ཥዱ™f wan/-uan
p ϼࢪҪ€DZÿ€engٙὁ൨ίලؐɪd੶ሜׂٙ
ࣛࡉҪᄘˋੵකdʔ̙˸ௐৎԸf͟ୌ໮ٙҖًԸˏ
ኬʃ؃ʾjءࠪ€DZٙᅵɿ྅ʔ྅ཥዱk༧ഹϼࢪɓৎׂjཥዱٙ€DZÿ€engf
dz
€ ÿ€ying ÿ -ing
DZ
dz
n ᔟ͟೥ྡʿᅰᅰˏৎኪ୦ጳሳdˏኬʃ؃ʾኪ୦€ ÿ€ying ÿ -ingf
DZ
o ϼࢪሗʃ؃ʾίॷɪ೥˜ϼ᜻™d೥λ˜ϼ᜻™ܝd༧ഹϼࢪɓৎׂ˜ϼ᜻™f
p ሗɤࡈʃ؃ʾίලؐ೥ɪ΢೥ɓ৳ϼ᜻fҁϓܝdɽ࢕ɓৎᅰϼ᜻jɓ৳ϼ᜻eՇ৳ϼ᜻e
ɧ৳ϼ᜻e̬৳ϼ᜻eʞ৳ϼ᜻eʬ৳ϼ᜻eɖ৳ϼ᜻eɞ৳ϼ᜻eɘ৳ϼ᜻eɤ৳ϼ᜻d
Ϟɤ৳ϼ᜻f
ʘܝ̙˸Ύɓ৳ɓ৳ٙᏜદdᜫʃ؃ʾ੽ɤ৳ϼ᜻ࡀഹׂΫ̘f